मुरझाए पेड़ की जड़ों पर प्रहार और यह गिर जाएगा", बाजीराव बल्लाल का यही मूल मंत्र था। उनकी तलवार ने मराठों के इतिहास को आकार दिया। वह इतिहास के उन चुनिंदा योद्धाओं में से है जिन्होंने कभी हार का सामना नहीं किया। बाजीराव मस्तानी उन्हीं के जीवन पर आधारित फिल्म है।

बाजीराव की रफ्तार ही बाजीराव की पहचान थी

जिसके सामने दुनिया का हर सम्मान छोटा पड़ गया वह कोई और नहीं मदर टेरेसा थी। 1985 में आज ही के दिन अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति रोनाल्ड रीगन ने उन्हें प्रेसीडेंशियल मेडल ऑफ फ्रीडम से नवाजा।

सफ़ेद साड़ी में लिपटा एक फ़रिश्ता

A name and a voice nobody would be unaware of. From Roop Tera Mastaana to Ye Shaam Mastaani, this man himself is too Mastaana in various ways. Here's to celebrating an outstanding voice that has ruled the Bollywood music industry for years, here's to the peppy and talented Kishore Da!

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India has always been meticulous about its hair-care routine. A soothing champi with hot oil releases all our tension. Followed by a session of bubbly rendezvous with the shampoo that guarantees shiny, black hair, we are all set to face the world.

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The subjects of countless origin myths, folklores and stories across cultures- turtles face great threat today, all thanks to humans. Quick and collective actions need to be taken for their protection. Hence, World Turtle Day is observed to make the dream of making the earth a good home for them a reality.

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Were you aware of the fact that the prominent space organisation ISRO that we all are super proud of got its start in a little country church? How was ISRO established, and how did India launch its first rocket?

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The nation’s eleventh president, the man of the people. One of the greatest leaders of all time, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam will be India’s "Missile Man" forever, a paragon of modesty and dignity.

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What do you do when your peaceful life is rattled to its core by an uninvited guest? The Coronavirus over its due course has tested our patience and changed much of our lives. The problems it posed in the earlier phase still seem to obstruct our recovery process. Is it inefficiency or something else? Making mistakes is a part of being human. And it is not a problem as long as we learn from it before we.

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The second wave of Covid-19 wreaked havoc in India, from a shortage of oxygen to the unavailability of hospital beds. It was one of the darkest times in the history of the country, with chaos and calamity running amok. In today's stories, we’ll see the heart-wrenching struggles that the people of India went through during the second wave and how India persevered through these dark times and what we lost!

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Sushrut from Kashi, Varanasi, composed the Surutasahita (Sushruta Samhita) he wrote down the teachings of his guru, Divodāsa. Sushrut is mentioned in the Mahabharata as one of the sons of the ancient sage Vishvamitra (a saptarishi), although evidence also suggests that he was Divodāsa's son and disciple. Since he is mentioned in the Mahabharata, which dates around 3000 BCE, it can be assumed that this samhita was written about the same time. It is a Sanskrit work written in the Gupta Brahmi script which dates back to 500 CE.

Sushrut himself was a practitioner of surgery as well as a teacher.  A wound, he explained, is the last abrasion of an underlying medical issue that begins with inflammation. He identified six different types of joint dislocations and twelve different types of fractures, as well as fracture therapies that are similar to those used today, such as apposition (similar to bone rods).

The Samhita also has descriptions of the removal of certain flaps to cover defects, as well as recommends physiotherapy to prepare for the operation, contributing to the field of plastic surgery today. Cannabis has been mentioned as a possible anaesthetic. In this samhita, the word rhinoplasty has a historical background; the 'Indian flap,' as it was known in England in the 17th century, is drawn from extensive descriptions in the leaflets.

The literature covers surgical techniques like incisions, probing, tooth extraction, foreign body removal, and more.

It was the work of several hands. It is one of the fundamental texts of Ayurveda, and it was written after the Charaka Samhita, which is a foundation of medicine. It is thought to have begun in the 6th century or even before. The Samhita is divided into 186 chapters and describes 1,120 ailments, 700 therapeutic herbs, and 121 mineral and animal preparations in its current form. It includes paediatrics, otolaryngology, psychology, and other topics, as well as describing eight surgical methods and tools and advising pupils to practise on gourds and dead animals. It is divided into two sections: the *purva-tantra*, which has five books, and the *uttara-tantra*, or 'latter portion'. In the 19th century, it was translated into Arabic as kitab shah shun-al-hindi and kitab-i-susurud, as well as into German by Max Müller and Latin by Hessler. In 1907, Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna completed the English translation into three volumes.

According to a report published in 2006, traces of oral surgery can be traced back to 5000 BCE in the Sindhu-Saraswati civilization (part Harappan culture, Saraswati is a river referenced in the Rig Veda).

The Rig Vedas reference Queen Vishpala's leg surgery. Historians disagree whether Vishpala was a queen or a horse today, but prosthetic surgery is detailed in a literature from 1500 BCE or perhaps earlier. The Ashvins aided her in a battle or race (the translation is still up for controversy). An iron prosthetic was attached to her leg which she lost in a battle or race (disputed translations) so she could continue. The samhita discusses prosthetic rehabilitation and fitting.

Regardless of its antiquity, the samhita exemplifies the culture it arose from: one of scientific inquiry and experimentation, as well as knowledge exchange.

Leaflets from Susruta-Samhita or Sahottara-Tantra, 12th-13th century from Nepal. Image credits: Wikimedia Commons

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Culture

Health

How old is the Sushrutha Samhita, one of the oldest medical literature in the history of the world? This Samhita contributed greatly to several fields of medicine today – plastic surgery, fractures, cataract surgery, and several medical conditions along with remedies.

Ritika

Sushruta Samhita: Surgical Knowledge From Over 2000 years ago

Ritika

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